§ ≡ A section of The Pilot's Saga { Chapter 2.1 « Chapter 2.2 » Chapter 2.3 }
In 2007 the Pilot's paternal grandfather had his Y-DNA analyzed, and he discovered that his patrilineal ancestors belonged to the most frequent Y-chromosome haplogroup, R1b, in Western Europe, especially in Atlantic Europe. In southern England, the frequency of R1b is about 70%, and in parts of north and western England, Spain, Portugal, France, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the frequency of R1b is greater than 90%.
The oral tradition of the Levine family held that their recent ancestors, who predated the family's arrival in Poland, had come from a region in the Swiss Alps. The oldest patrilineal family member known to have had the name Levine was the Pilot's great great grandfather Michal Levine.
Michal had ten children, all born in Warsaw. The seventh child was the fourth son, Bernard, who assumed the nickname Lucky later in life. He was the Pilot's patrilineal great grandfather.
Bernard, his wife Sara, and their young son, who would eventually discover the Levine patrilineal genetic roots, were the family's lone survivors of the Nazi invasion of Poland.
In 2007 the Pilot's paternal grandfather had his Y-DNA analyzed, and he discovered that his patrilineal ancestors belonged to the most frequent Y-chromosome haplogroup, R1b, in Western Europe, especially in Atlantic Europe. In southern England, the frequency of R1b is about 70%, and in parts of north and western England, Spain, Portugal, France, Wales, Scotland and Ireland, the frequency of R1b is greater than 90%.
The oral tradition of the Levine family held that their recent ancestors, who predated the family's arrival in Poland, had come from a region in the Swiss Alps. The oldest patrilineal family member known to have had the name Levine was the Pilot's great great grandfather Michal Levine.
Michal had ten children, all born in Warsaw. The seventh child was the fourth son, Bernard, who assumed the nickname Lucky later in life. He was the Pilot's patrilineal great grandfather.
Bernard, his wife Sara, and their young son, who would eventually discover the Levine patrilineal genetic roots, were the family's lone survivors of the Nazi invasion of Poland.
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